Turkey/Ordu
TURKEY
Turkey,
officially the Republic of Turkey, is a country located on the land where the Africa,
Asia and Europe continents – the Old World Lands – are closest to each other. Its
capital city is Ankara. Some of its lands are on the Anatolian Peninsula and some
are on Thrace that is the extension of the Balkan Peninsula. The country is surrounded
on three sides by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. The Turkish
Straits connects the Aegean Sea and the Marmara Sea. Its neighbors are Bulgaria,
Greece, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Syria, Iraq and the Azerbaijani.
Turkey was founded with the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and thanks to a
great struggle of people after the Ottoman Empire was defeated in the World War
I. It was founded on the former state’s lands with the majority of Turkish population
and it was the only independent state amongst the successive states that were founded
on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.
Turkey
is a member of many international organizations including the United Nations, the
Council of Europe, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe,
the World Trade Organization, the Black Sea Economic Co-operation Organization and
the Economic Cooperation Organization. Turkey began full membership negotiations
with the European Union in 2005. According to the political scientists and economists,
Turkey is a regional power.
Because of being surrounded by sea on three sides, the location of the mountains
and the different geographical forms, there are climates with different characteristics.
At coastal regions, the climate is milder. The North Anatolian Mountains and the
Taurus Mountains prevents the effects of sea from going to inner regions. That is
why the inner regions have continental climate.
When Turkey was founded majority of the population of 12 million were illiterate.
Today this rate is 90%. The education system of Turkey is based on basic education
of eight years. Later, there is the secondary education for four years. The students
are accepted to universities via University Entrance Exam. There are public education
courses on non-formal education basis. The open education system is also used by
many students.
There
were only two universities in Turkey until 1930s. These were Istanbul Technical
University and Istanbul University. Today there are 167 universities. All of the
cities of Turkey have a university.
Turkey has 10.984 km railway, 1.200 km watercourse, 4.621 km natural gas, 3.543
km crude oil pipe. In addition, it has 120 airports, 850 helicopter terminals. Although
most of the country has highway, it is aimed to reduce the usage of highways and
air ways with the Fast Train Project. It is also aimed to reduce the individual
transportation vehicles thanks to the project.
Reference:
www.turizm.gov.tr
www.mfa.gov.tr
www.kultur.gov.tr
Ordu
Ordu
is the city of Turkish Republic which is at the East Black Sea Region and it has
a coast to the Black Sea. It has been a metropolis with the latest increase of the
population. It has the Black Sea at the north, Tokat and Sivas cities at the south.
Samsun is at the west and Giresun is at the east of the city. It became independent
of Trabzon on 4 April 1920 and became a province. According to the data of Turkish
Statistical Institute (TurkStat) in 2012, it has 19 districts including the center,
53 towns and 481 villages.
The year of foundation: 1920 Population: 771.960 (2012) (The population of 148.341)
Area: 5.963 km2 . Number of Municipality: 53 Number of Village: 481
The
Province of Ordu was founded in 400BC under the name of ‘Cotyora’ in the region
of Bozukkale that is 5 km far from the city center. Cotyora means the region of
Kuts. The historians state that Kut Turks were a clan that migrated to west from
Caspian Lake region at 2500-2400 BC and they spoke Turkish.
The famous Professor Benna Landsberger who studied on Sumerians stated in front
of Ataturk that this clan has Turkish roots at the History Congress in 1937. Many
scientists say that their language was a part of Ural-Altaic languages.
Ordu Province is between the 41° North parallels and 37° and 38° East meridians.
It is at the East Black Sea part of Black Sea Region. The North of the city is surrounded
by the North Anatolian mountains coast rows. These mountains start close to the
coast and gets higher at the inner parts. Ordu and Giresun provinces are very similar.
The highest point of the city is close to Giresun border and it is the Gönderiç
Hill at Aşut Obası.
Turkey
http://www.kultur.gov.tr
http://www.turizm.gov.tr
http://www.ordukulturturizm.gov.tr
